The Middle Ages in Bosnia, same as in Central Europe, German and Slavic countries at the time, were marked by strong religious “leavening”. Bosnia was under religious influence of Byzantium and Rome, particularly from the 9th century.

Ayin, Lam, Mim have generated several hundred words in the Qur'an, in different forms, all of which signify true knowledge and cognition, the guarantee of learning and understanding, and the insight and enlightening of man's steps in this and the future world.

Hasan Kafi Pruščak, aBosniak author who lived in the second half of the 16th and in the early 17th century, is one of the most translated classical Bosniak authors into European languages.

The first complete translation of the Qur'an into Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian and Montenegrin was done by Mihajlo Mićo Ljubibratić (1839–1889).

In a work published in 1963, Kasim Dobrača claims that as early as in the 1580s there was a scriptorium in Foča, a town in Eastern BiH, where transcribing manuscripts intensively developed.

Many oral and written testimonies have been preserved about modest and low-profile Bosnian people, one could even say polymaths, who lived far from urban and intellectual centers, but whose admirable lives and knowledge were outstanding examples of high learning, morality and consistence in their own beliefs.

Ever since the invention of alphabet, particularly the phonetic alphabet, the Western world has been constantly moving toward the dichotomy of senses, functions, emotional and political states, as well as tasks. It is a fragmentation which, according to many scholars, leads people to different degrees of dualistic schizophrenia.

Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Etymologically. the word ‘maktab’ originates from Arabic word ketebe, which means ‘to write’ and the term maktab refers to the place where one learns to read and write, where the man becomes literate.

Sandžak has been a recognizable region, interesting and attractive for many researchers, both from the East and from the West; therefore, it has been visited by many individuals, families, tribes and ethnic groups.

Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina

In the Ottoman Empire, education was not a task of the state until the 19th century.

The madrasa in Novi Pazar is one of the oldest educational institutions in the Balkans. It was established in Novi Pazar before 1540

At one time, there were three madrasas in Bihać. According to statistical data for years 1876 and 1877, there were two madrasas in the kaza of Bihać: the Mehmed-pasha Bišćević madrasa and the one across the Fethija Mosque in Bihać.

In the context of measuring time and its practical use in Muslims' daily life, two kinds of buildings have marked spaces where the Ottoman Empire used to spread – muvakkithanes and clock-towers.

Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

During their rich history, Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina have studied both the traditional and the exact sciences, particularly mathematics, physics, geography and astronomy.

One of the oldest surviving astrolabes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, originally from Syria.

In briefest terms, Islamic calligraphy can be defined as an art of beautiful writing Arabic letters according to established rules.